Scapular upward rotation (or scapular superior rotation) is a rotary movement of the scapula – moving the inferior (lower) angle of the shoulder blade (scapula) laterally and upwards – see…

Shoulder abduction is a lateral movement at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint – moving the upper arm up to the side away from the body – see Figure 1. In anatomical…

Shoulder adduction is a medial movement at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint – moving the upper arm down to the side towards the body – see Figure 1. In anatomical terminology,…

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Shoulder extension is a straightening at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint resulting in an increase of angle (extension) – moving the upper arm down to the rear – see Figure 1.…

Shoulder external rotation (or lateral rotation) is a rotary movement at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint around the longitudinal axis of the humerus (upper arm bone) away from the centre of…

Shoulder flexion is a bending at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint, resulting in a decrease of angle (flexion) – moving the upper arm upwards to the front – see Figure 1.…

Shoulder internal rotation (or medial rotation) is a rotary movement at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint around the longitudinal axis of the humerus (upper arm bone) towards the centre of the…

Shoulder transverse abduction is a lateral movement at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint in a horizontal plane – moving the upper arm away from the chest with the elbow facing down…

Shoulder transverse adduction is a medial movement at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint in a horizontal plane – moving the upper arm towards and across the chest with the back of…